Associate Software Engineers' impact is usually limited to a small part of the system. This knowledge is usually acquired from formal education / coding bootcamps. However, they usually do not have strong production system knowledge (yet). Mentorship from a senior engineer is important for imparting these skills:
The role of an Associate Software Engineer is frequently seen in these cases:
The intention of this role is to provide a bridge / stepping stone into a formal Software Engineering career.
You need to know how to write code in a programming language. CSS does not count. When tasked with a project, you should at least know how to write a function / class.
You should know Learn to write a unit test.
Your mentor will most likely be spending time showing you how your function / class fit into the bigger picture, or reviewing the code you write to make sure it complies with best practices / company standards. Learn How to be a better code reviewee and accept suggestions from others.
Read the book about Clean Code as this book will teach you foundational patterns of writing software and how to evolve them over time.
It is important to be very open-minded and curious. Software Engineering is a deep and wide career. The longer you stay in this career, the more things you need to learn. Therefore, the most successful skill you should master is Learning how to learn.
Ask your mentor a lot of questions, and learn how to find answers on your own by googling.